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List of Archaeological and Ethnological Materials from Bolivia

ETHNOLOGICAL MATERIALS (cont.)

V. Colonial and Republican Featherwork (A.D. 1533 - 1900)
Featherwork produced for ceremonial use consists of colorful, tropical feathers attached to leather, cloth, wood, or other material, such as basketry, to create adornments worn on the wrists, ankles, neck, waist, back, and head, including the lips and ears. Most typically found are headdresses, which may consist of small, modest crowns (30 cm. average) or large, towering bonnets of Suri feathers (80 cm.). This category also includes feather-covered ritual belts and textiles (35 - 70 cm.), fans (250 cm. long), staves or batons (145 - 250 cm.), basketry supports, and healer's amulets or photadi (80 - 250 cm.).

VI. Colonial and Republican Ceramics (A.D. 1533 - 1900)
A. Ceremonial drinking vessels (recipiente, andavete, trampavaso): Containers and serving vessels used in the ceremonial context of chicha drinking. In post-Columbian times, these are hard ceramics with glassy surfaces resulting from the application of a mineral glaze. May be brown, green, blue, red, or any combination of colors. Vary in size and shape from handled jars, pitchers, cups, and vases, to animal-shapes (bull, tiger, llama, hoof).
B. Ritual smoking pipes: Tubular shape without tobacco bowl. The average size is from 10 cm. to 15 cm.

VII. Colonial and Republican Religious Art (A.D. 1533 - 1900)
A. Statues: Made of wood, maguey, gesso, silver, gold, bronze, alabaster, or other stone and often decorated with gilt paint. Typical statuary for this period includes depictions of patron saints (santos/santas), angels, Christ, the Virgin Mary, the apostles, and the Holy Family. Gold and silver crowns and other adornments in precious metals and precious stone are often found on these statues. Some are dressed with brocade and tapestry cloth made from gold and silver threads. Some are holding objects such as swords. Size varies from 30 cm. to two meters.
B. Crucifixes: Made of wood, maguey, alabaster, silver, gold, bronze, brass. Size varies from 5 cm. to 200 cm.
C. Oil paintings: Include depictions of patron saints (santos/santas), angels, Christ, the Virgin Mary, the apostles, and the Holy Family on wood, metal, canvas (lienzo), and other cloth. With or without frame. The archangel is a central theme. Oil painting is found on objects as small as reliquaries (3 cm.), mid-sized canvas (one square meter), or wall-sized renditions.
D. Reliquaries: Include painted and engraved depictions of patron saints (santos/santas), angels, Christ, the Virgin Mary, the apostles, and the Holy Family primarily on wood, ceramic, and metal such as silver. Bolivian reliquaries are essentially small lockets and do not always contain relics. Size ranges from 3 cm. to 25 cm.
E. Trunks/coffers (petaca): Made of leather and gilded wood or of silver. These small boxes (30 cm. length) or large trunks (1.5 meters in length) held altar objects, such as chalices and holy oil, during transport.
F. Retablo: Made of wood and precious metals such as gold or silver. These are altars or architectural wall facades behind existing altars that contain niches and a tabernacle. Often disassembled in pieces. May be as large as 20 meters high x 7 meters wide; portions vary - a niche may be one square meter. Small, self-contained units that appear as boxes with hinged doors are as small as 40 cm. in height. Miniatures average 5 cm. in height.
G. Altar pieces: Altars and their components (for example, frontal, grates, sacristy) made of gilded wood, gold, or silver. Often decorated in repousse. Average size is 1.6 meters x 1.2 meters.
H. Altar objects: These include chalices, monstrances/ostensoria, cruets, candelabras, lecterns, incense burners, hand bells typically made of gold and silver and decorated with precious stones, shell such as pearl, or other adornments. Size varies according to object. This category also includes ceramic, metal, and wooden challadores and ceremonial drinking cups.
I. Church furniture: Made of wood, silver gold, stone, brass, or bronze. Includes carved picture frames, confessionals, pulpits, pedestals, litters, choir stalls, chancels, banisters, lectern, saint's flags, and church bells and chimes. Size varies according to object.
J. Crowns and radiations: Made of silver and gold, these objects are found alone or in conjunction with religious statuary depicting the Virgin and Jesus. Size varies from 10 cm. to 30 cm.
K. Garment pin (tupu/prendedor): Made of copper, bronze, brass, silver, gold, or tumbaga. A large pin with a long shaft (15 cm.) that usually terminates with flat, discoid head (4 cm.), often embossed with design. Some heads are inlaid with semi-precious stone.
L. Liturgical vestments: Garments worn by the priest and/or other
religious dignitaries made of fine cotton, silk, and gold and silver thread. This category includes the chasuble, dalmatic, alb, stole, girdle, maniple, rochet, musette, mitre, and bonnet. Size varies according to garment.

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Effective Date

Because the amendments to the Customs Regulations contained in this document merely remove reference to expired import restrictions and impose import restrictions on the above-listed cultural property of Bolivia in response to a bilateral agreement entered into in furtherance of the foreign affairs interests of the United States, pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1)), no notice of proposed rulemaking or public procedure is necessary. For the same reason, a delayed effective date is not required pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

Because no notice of proposed rulemaking is required, the provisions of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. Accordingly, this final rule is not subject to the regulatory analysis or other requirements of 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604.

Executive Order 12866

This amendment does not meet the criteria of a "significant regulatory action" as described in E.O. 12866.

Drafting Information

The principal author of this document was Bill Conrad, Regulations
Branch, Office of Regulations and Rulings, U.S. Customs Service. However, personnel from other offices participated in its development.

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12

Customs duties and inspections, Imports, Cultural property.

Amendment to the Regulations

Accordingly, Part 12 of the Customs Regulations (19 CFR Part 12) is amended as set forth below:
PART 12--[AMENDED]
1. The general authority and specific authority citations for Part 12, in part, continue to read as follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301, 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 22, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 1624;
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Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612;
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2. In § 12.104g, paragraph (a), the list of agreements imposing import restrictions on described articles of cultural property of State Parties, is amended by adding Bolivia in appropriate alphabetical order, as follows, and paragraph (b), the list of emergency actions imposing import restrictions, is amended by removing the entry for "Bolivia":

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Acting Commissioner of Customs

Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury

Bolivia Information Page

Bolivia Image Collection

2001 Agreement

2001 Federal Register Notice

1989 Federal Register Notice 

The Recovery of Aymara Textiles 

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